SOFTWARE
Computer software, or just software, is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do and how to do it
System software
System software provides the basic functions for computer usage and helps run the computer hardware and system. It includes a combination of the following:
• device drivers
• operating systems
• servers
• utilities
• window systems
Device driver:
In computing, a device driver or software driver is a computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact with a hardware device.
A driver typically communicates with the device through the computer bus or communications subsystem to which the hardware connects. When a calling program invokes a routine in the driver, the driver issues commands to the device. Once the device sends data back to the driver, the driver may invoke routines in the original calling program. Drivers are hardware-dependent and operating-system-specific.
Operating System:
An operating system (OS) is software, consisting of programs and data, that runs on computers and manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for efficient execution of various application software.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware, but will frequently call the OS or be interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
Examples of popular modern operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and GNU/Linux.
Programming software
Programming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs, and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include:
• compilers
• debuggers
• interpreters
• linkers
• text editors
An Integrated development environment (IDE) is a single application that attempts to manage all these functions.
UTILITY:
Utility software is a kind of system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility (abbr. util) or tool
Utility software should be contrasted with application software, which allows users to do things like creating text documents, playing games, listening to music or surfing the web. Rather than providing these kinds of user-oriented or output-oriented functionality, utility software usually focuses on how the computer infrastructure (including the computer hardware, operating system, application software and data storage) operates. Due to this focus, utilities are often rather technical and targeted at people with an advanced level of computer knowledge.
• Disk storage utilities
• Disk defragmenters can detect computer files whose contents are broken across several locations on the hard disk, and move the fragments to one location to increase efficiency.
• Disk checkers can scan the contents of a hard disk to find files or areas that are corrupted in some way, or were not correctly saved, and eliminate them for a more efficiently operating hard drive.
• Disk cleaners can find files that are unnecessary to computer operation, or take up considerable amounts of space. Disk cleaner helps the user to decide what to delete when their hard disk is full.
• Disk space analyzers for the visualization of disk space usage by getting the size for each folder (including sub folders) & files in folder or drive. showing the distribution of the used space.
• Disk partitions can divide an individual drive into multiple logical drives, each with its own file system which can be mounted by the operating system and treated as an individual drive.
• Backup utilities can make a copy of all information stored on a disk, and restore either the entire disk (e.g. in an event of disk failure) or selected files (e.g. in an event of accidental deletion).
• Disk compression utilities can transparently compress/uncompress the contents of a disk, increasing the capacity of the disk.
• Archive utilities output a stream or a single file when provided with a directory or a set of files. Archive utilities, unlike archive suites, usually do not include compression or encryption capabilities. Some archive utilities may even have a separate un-archive utility for the reverse operation.
• System profilers provide detailed information about the software installed and hardware attached to the computer.
• Anti-virus utilities scan for computer viruses.
• Hex editors directly modify the text or data of a file. These files could be data or an actual program.
• Data compression utilities output a shorter stream or a smaller file when provided with a stream or file.
• Cryptographic utilities encrypt and decrypt streams and files.
• Launcher applications provide a convenient access point for application software.
• Registry cleaners clean and optimize the Windows registry by removing old registry keys that are no longer in use.
• Network utilities analyze the computer's network connectivity, configure network settings, check data transfer or log events.
• Command line interface (CLI) and Graphical user interface (GUI) Allows the user to contact and make changes to the operating system.
• Screensavers were desired to prevent phosphor burn-in on CRT and plasma computer monitors by blanking the screen or filling it with moving images or patterns when the computer is not in use. Contemporary screensavers are used primarily for entertainment or security.
Application software
System software does not aim at a certain application fields. In contrast,different application software offers different functions based on users and the area it served.Application software is developed for some certain purpose,which either can be a certain program or a collection of some programmes,such as a graphic browser or the data base management system. Application software allows end users to accomplish one or more specific (not directly computer development related) tasks. Typical applications include:
• industrial automation
• business software
• video games
• quantum chemistry and solid state physics software
• telecommunications (i.e., the Internet and everything that flows on it)
• databases
• educational software
• Mathematical software
• medical software
• molecular modeling software
• image editing
• spreadsheet
• simulation software
• Word processing
• Decision making software
Computer software, or just software, is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do and how to do it
System software
System software provides the basic functions for computer usage and helps run the computer hardware and system. It includes a combination of the following:
• device drivers
• operating systems
• servers
• utilities
• window systems
Device driver:
In computing, a device driver or software driver is a computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact with a hardware device.
A driver typically communicates with the device through the computer bus or communications subsystem to which the hardware connects. When a calling program invokes a routine in the driver, the driver issues commands to the device. Once the device sends data back to the driver, the driver may invoke routines in the original calling program. Drivers are hardware-dependent and operating-system-specific.
Operating System:
An operating system (OS) is software, consisting of programs and data, that runs on computers and manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for efficient execution of various application software.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware, but will frequently call the OS or be interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
Examples of popular modern operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and GNU/Linux.
Programming software
Programming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs, and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include:
• compilers
• debuggers
• interpreters
• linkers
• text editors
An Integrated development environment (IDE) is a single application that attempts to manage all these functions.
UTILITY:
Utility software is a kind of system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility (abbr. util) or tool
Utility software should be contrasted with application software, which allows users to do things like creating text documents, playing games, listening to music or surfing the web. Rather than providing these kinds of user-oriented or output-oriented functionality, utility software usually focuses on how the computer infrastructure (including the computer hardware, operating system, application software and data storage) operates. Due to this focus, utilities are often rather technical and targeted at people with an advanced level of computer knowledge.
• Disk storage utilities
• Disk defragmenters can detect computer files whose contents are broken across several locations on the hard disk, and move the fragments to one location to increase efficiency.
• Disk checkers can scan the contents of a hard disk to find files or areas that are corrupted in some way, or were not correctly saved, and eliminate them for a more efficiently operating hard drive.
• Disk cleaners can find files that are unnecessary to computer operation, or take up considerable amounts of space. Disk cleaner helps the user to decide what to delete when their hard disk is full.
• Disk space analyzers for the visualization of disk space usage by getting the size for each folder (including sub folders) & files in folder or drive. showing the distribution of the used space.
• Disk partitions can divide an individual drive into multiple logical drives, each with its own file system which can be mounted by the operating system and treated as an individual drive.
• Backup utilities can make a copy of all information stored on a disk, and restore either the entire disk (e.g. in an event of disk failure) or selected files (e.g. in an event of accidental deletion).
• Disk compression utilities can transparently compress/uncompress the contents of a disk, increasing the capacity of the disk.
• Archive utilities output a stream or a single file when provided with a directory or a set of files. Archive utilities, unlike archive suites, usually do not include compression or encryption capabilities. Some archive utilities may even have a separate un-archive utility for the reverse operation.
• System profilers provide detailed information about the software installed and hardware attached to the computer.
• Anti-virus utilities scan for computer viruses.
• Hex editors directly modify the text or data of a file. These files could be data or an actual program.
• Data compression utilities output a shorter stream or a smaller file when provided with a stream or file.
• Cryptographic utilities encrypt and decrypt streams and files.
• Launcher applications provide a convenient access point for application software.
• Registry cleaners clean and optimize the Windows registry by removing old registry keys that are no longer in use.
• Network utilities analyze the computer's network connectivity, configure network settings, check data transfer or log events.
• Command line interface (CLI) and Graphical user interface (GUI) Allows the user to contact and make changes to the operating system.
• Screensavers were desired to prevent phosphor burn-in on CRT and plasma computer monitors by blanking the screen or filling it with moving images or patterns when the computer is not in use. Contemporary screensavers are used primarily for entertainment or security.
Application software
System software does not aim at a certain application fields. In contrast,different application software offers different functions based on users and the area it served.Application software is developed for some certain purpose,which either can be a certain program or a collection of some programmes,such as a graphic browser or the data base management system. Application software allows end users to accomplish one or more specific (not directly computer development related) tasks. Typical applications include:
• industrial automation
• business software
• video games
• quantum chemistry and solid state physics software
• telecommunications (i.e., the Internet and everything that flows on it)
• databases
• educational software
• Mathematical software
• medical software
• molecular modeling software
• image editing
• spreadsheet
• simulation software
• Word processing
• Decision making software
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